Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Associated Hemophagocytic Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Li Li and Jian Wang*

Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, AnHui, China

^*Correspondance to: Jian Wang 

 PDF  Full Text Case Report | Open Access

Abstract:

Hemolytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare but severe disorder characterized by immune dysregulation and excessive inflammation. While Mycoplasma-induced HLH has been reported, the literature remains limited. This case report presents a 7-year-old and 7-month-old girl who was admitted due to a persistent fever for three days, peaking at 39.7°C. She also exhibited poor mental state, decreased appetite, and disturbed sleep. Initial examination revealed low white blood cell count, high lymphocyte ratio, and low platelet count. Subsequent investigations confirmed a Mycoplasma infection, enlarged liver and abdominal lymph nodes, and elevated ferritin levels, consistent with HLH. Despite receiving antibiotic therapy (oral oseltamivir and intravenous azithromycin), antiviral treatment (acyclovir), leukocyte boosting therapy (Diyu Shengbai tablets and Liyijun tablets), antiinflammatory treatment (methylprednisolone), and anticoagulant treatment (enoxaparin), the patient continued to experience fever, reaching 40°C. However, her body temperature eventually normalized. Subsequently, liver function damage occurred. After receiving liver protection therapy and continued antiviral treatment with acyclovir, liver function returned to normal, and the patient was discharged. The prognosis of Mycoplasma-induced HLH depends on the severity of infection, the patient's immune status, and the timeliness of treatment. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for improving outcomes.

Keywords:

Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Hemophagocytic syndrome, Children, Case report

Cite the Article:

Li Li, Jian Wang. Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Associated Hemophagocytic Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Clin Case Rep Int. 2025; 9: 1723..